RESUMO
Antecedentes y objetivos El diagnóstico de la neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) plantea dificultades en niños sin antecedentes familiares durante la primera infancia. En este estudio pretendemos estimar la demora diagnóstica de los pacientes sin antecedentes familiares de NF1 y definir la repercusión de considerar las manchas café con leche y las efélides como un único criterio diagnóstico. Pacientes y métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los hitos diagnósticos de la NF1 en las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 18 años atendidos en nuestro centro. Distribuimos a los pacientes en dos grupos en función de la existencia de antecedentes de NF1 entre sus progenitores, considerando las manchas café con leche y las efélides como un único criterio y aceptando el estudio genético como criterio de confirmación en casos de elevada sospecha. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio 108 menores con diagnóstico de NF1. La edad media de diagnóstico en nuestra serie fue de 3,94 años (desviación estándar:±3,8 años). En el grupo 1, sin antecedentes, la edad media de diagnóstico fue de 4 años y 8 meses, mientras que en el grupo 2, con antecedentes, fue de 12 meses, siendo la demora en el diagnóstico de 3 años y 8 meses entre ambos grupos. Conclusión Las lesiones cutáneas representan, en la mayoría de los casos, las primeras manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad. Consideramos necesaria la actualización de los criterios diagnósticos del NIH con el fin de facilitar el diagnóstico en los primeros años de vida (AU)
background and objectives The neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) diagnosis is challenging in young children without a family history of NF1. The aims of this study were to estimate diagnostic delays in children without a family history of NF1 and to examine the effects of using café au lait macules and skin fold freckling as a single diagnostic criterion. Patients and methods Retrospective, descriptive, observational study of all patients diagnosed with NF1 before the age of 18 years who were seen at our hospital. The medical records of those included were reviewed to identify the date on which the diagnostic criteria of NF1 were objectified. The patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with a known parental history of NF1 and those without. Café au lait macules and skin fold freckling were assessed as a single diagnostic criterion, and genetic evidence was considered to confirm highly suspicious cases. Results We studied 108 patients younger than the age of 18 years with a diagnosis of NF1. Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 3.94 (±3.8) years for the overall group, 1 year for patients with a parental history of NF1, and 4 years and 8 months for those without. Diagnosis was therefore delayed by 3 years and 8 months in patients without a family history. Conclusion Skin lesions were the first clinical manifestation of NF1 in most patients. We believe that the National Institutes of Health's diagnostic criteria for NF1 should be updated to aid diagnosis in young children (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Manchas Café com Leite/diagnóstico , Melanose/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatose 1/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatose 1/genética , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
background and objectives The neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) diagnosis is challenging in young children without a family history of NF1. The aims of this study were to estimate diagnostic delays in children without a family history of NF1 and to examine the effects of using café au lait macules and skin fold freckling as a single diagnostic criterion. Patients and methods Retrospective, descriptive, observational study of all patients diagnosed with NF1 before the age of 18 years who were seen at our hospital. The medical records of those included were reviewed to identify the date on which the diagnostic criteria of NF1 were objectified. The patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with a known parental history of NF1 and those without. Café au lait macules and skin fold freckling were assessed as a single diagnostic criterion, and genetic evidence was considered to confirm highly suspicious cases. Results We studied 108 patients younger than the age of 18 years with a diagnosis of NF1. Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 3.94 (±3.8) years for the overall group, 1 year for patients with a parental history of NF1, and 4 years and 8 months for those without. Diagnosis was therefore delayed by 3 years and 8 months in patients without a family history. Conclusion Skin lesions were the first clinical manifestation of NF1 in most patients. We believe that the National Institutes of Health's diagnostic criteria for NF1 should be updated to aid diagnosis in young children (AU)
Antecedentes y objetivos El diagnóstico de la neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) plantea dificultades en niños sin antecedentes familiares durante la primera infancia. En este estudio pretendemos estimar la demora diagnóstica de los pacientes sin antecedentes familiares de NF1 y definir la repercusión de considerar las manchas café con leche y las efélides como un único criterio diagnóstico. Pacientes y métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los hitos diagnósticos de la NF1 en las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 18 años atendidos en nuestro centro. Distribuimos a los pacientes en dos grupos en función de la existencia de antecedentes de NF1 entre sus progenitores, considerando las manchas café con leche y las efélides como un único criterio y aceptando el estudio genético como criterio de confirmación en casos de elevada sospecha. Resultados Se incluyeron en el estudio 108 menores con diagnóstico de NF1. La edad media de diagnóstico en nuestra serie fue de 3,94 años (desviación estándar:±3,8 años). En el grupo 1, sin antecedentes, la edad media de diagnóstico fue de 4 años y 8 meses, mientras que en el grupo 2, con antecedentes, fue de 12 meses, siendo la demora en el diagnóstico de 3 años y 8 meses entre ambos grupos. Conclusión Las lesiones cutáneas representan, en la mayoría de los casos, las primeras manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad. Consideramos necesaria la actualización de los criterios diagnósticos del NIH con el fin de facilitar el diagnóstico en los primeros años de vida (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Manchas Café com Leite/diagnóstico , Melanose/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatose 1/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatose 1/genética , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) diagnosis is challenging in young children without a family history of NF1. The aims of this study were to estimate diagnostic delays in children without a family history of NF1 and to examine the effects of using café au lait macules and skin fold freckling as a single diagnostic criterion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive, observational study of all patients diagnosed with NF1 before the age of 18 years who were seen at our hospital. The medical records of those included were reviewed to identify the date on which the diagnostic criteria of NF1 were objectified. The patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with a known parental history of NF1 and those without. Café au lait macules and skin fold freckling were assessed as a single diagnostic criterion, and genetic evidence was considered to confirm highly suspicious cases. RESULTS: We studied 108 patients younger than the age of 18 years with a diagnosis of NF1. Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 3.94 (±3.8) years for the overall group, 1 year for patients with a parental history of NF1, and 4 years and 8 months for those without. Diagnosis was therefore delayed by 3 years and 8 months in patients without a family history. CONCLUSION: Skin lesions were the first clinical manifestation of NF1 in most patients. We believe that the National Institutes of Health's diagnostic criteria for NF1 should be updated to aid diagnosis in young children.
Assuntos
Melanose , Neurofibromatose 1 , Dermatopatias , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Neurofibromatose 1/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatose 1/genética , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Manchas Café com Leite/diagnósticoRESUMO
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome and probably the one best known to dermatologists, who are generally the first physicians to suspect its diagnosis. Although the genetic locus of NF1 was identified on chromosome 17 in 1987, diagnosis of the disease is still mainly based on clinical observations and the diagnostic criteria of the National Institute of Health, dating from 1988. Cutaneous manifestations are particularly important because café-au-lait spots, freckling on flexural areas, and cutaneous neurofibromas comprise 3 of the 7 clinical diagnostic criteria. However, café-au-lait spots and freckling can also be present in other diseases. These manifestations are therefore not pathognomonic and are insufficient for definitive diagnosis in the early years of life. NF1 is a multisystemic disease associated with a predisposition to cancer. A multidisciplinary follow-up is necessary and dermatologists play an important role.
Assuntos
Manchas Café com Leite/patologia , Neurofibroma/patologia , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , HumanosRESUMO
La acropigmentación reticulada de Kitamura (ARK) es un genodermatosis de herencia autosómica dominante, con expresión y penetrancia variables. Se caracteriza por presentar máculas hiperpigmentadas de 1 a 4 milímetros de diámetro, deprimidas, similares a efélides, con patrón reticulado, que comienzan en las regiones acrales y posteriormente pueden extenderse en forma centrípeta. Fue descripta por Kitamura et al. en 1943 y, en 1976, Griffiths publicó siete casos en los que analizó los antecedentes familiares y dedujo el carácter genético de la patología. El diagnóstico de ARK se realiza en forma clínica e histopatológica, observándose al microscopio óptico atrofia epidérmica y aumento del número de los melanocitos y de melanina en la capa basal. Debe plantearse el diagnóstico diferencial con la acropigmentación de Dohi (APD), que consiste en máculas hiper e hipopigmentadas en la misma localización, a nivel histológico estas presentan aumento de melanina en la capa basal de la epidermis con número de melanocitos conservados que alterna con regiones de falta de pigmento así como ausencia de pits palmares. Y, también, debe diferenciarse de la enfermedad de Dowling-Degos (EDD) que presenta máculas hiperpigmentadas reticuladas predominantemente en los pliegues. Estas entidades se describen con más frecuencia en poblaciones orientales, no así en nuestro grupo étnico. Presentamos el caso de un niño argentino de tres años de edad, con clínica y biopsia de piel compatibles con ARK, sin antecedentes familiares de esta entidad.
Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (ARK) is a pigmentary genodermatosis of autosomal dominant trait, with variable expresion and penetrance. It is characterized by reticulate patterns of hiperpigmented freckel-like atrophic macules of 1-4 mm, in acral areas, subsequently spreading over the body, with palmar pits. First described by Kitamura et al. in 1943; Griffiths reported in 1976 seven cases and described its inheritance pattern. Microscopic examination of ARK lesions shows epidermic atrophy with increased number of melanocytes and melanin in the basal layer. The main differential diagnosis is with Dohi acropigmentation (DA) whose clinical features are hyperpigmented and hypopigmented reticulate macules in the same location, without palmar pits and which histopathology shows increased melanin in the basal layer and epidermis with normal number of melanocytes and areas with absence of melanin. ARK must also be differentiated from Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) that presents hyperpigmented reticulated macules predominantly located on flexural sites. These entities are frequent in Japanese population but not in ours. We report an Argentinian 3-year-old boy, without family history of ARK and with clinical and histopathological features of this entity.
